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Reading: Developing Reflective Judgment

Thursday 12th August, 2010 - 9:40pm with 0 comments

Subject: Investigating Media, Reflective Practices
Reading: King, P.M. and Kitchener, K.S. (1994). Developing Reflective Judgment. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Stage 1: Pre-reflective Thinking

  • knowledge is absolute and predetermined
  • beliefs don’t require justification – “seeing is believing”
  • beliefs are held and not open to criticism or doubt
  • knowledge is concrete and not an abstraction

Stage 2: Pre-reflective Thinking

  • knowledge is seen as the domain of authorities who are presumed to know the truth
  • separation of self from the true/known – not everyone knows the truth
  • differentiation of concepts
  • difference of opinion – errors from being misled or ignorant or misinformed
  • defending a point of view is to show that beliefs are right (those believing otherwise are wrong)
  • knowledge is assumed to be certain but not immediately available
  • people seek knowledge from authorities when their beliefs are categorised

Stage 3: Pre-reflective Thinking

  • knowledge is assumed to be certain overall
  • in temporary uncertainty, personal beliefs are known until absolute knowledge is gained
  • beliefs are justified by reference to authorities’ views
  • confusion steps from need to make decisions with only belief

Stage 4: Quasi-reflective Thinking

  • one cannot know with certainty
  • emergence of knowledge as an abstraction
  • giving reasons as an essential part of an argument
  • neither evidence nor evaluations of it are certain, any judgment about evidence becomes idiosyncratic to the judge
  • evidence contradicts opinion yet people still hold to it, without attempting to resolve the contradiction
  • individuals do not acknowledge qualitative differences between opinions of themselves and experts
  • the recognition that in some areas, knowledge will never be certain

Stage 5: Quasi-reflective Thinking

  • people may know within a context based on subjective interpretations of evidence (relativism)
  • coordinating theory and evidence
  • recognition of alternate theories and that some evidence doesn’t support a particular theory
  • knowledge is contextual and subjective because it is filtered through a person’s perceptions and criteria for judgment

Stage 6: Reflective Thinking

  • knowledge is not a given but needs to be actively constructed
  • belief that knowing is a process that requires action on the part of the knower
  • problems that are complexly understood require some thinking action before a resolution is constructed
  • identification of common elements through two different views on the same issue, allowing judgment to be drawn

Stage 7: Reflective Thinking

  • knowledge is constructed by using skills of critical inquiry
  • judgment demonstrates individuality constrained by reason/willingness to critique one’s own reasoning
  • knowledge is the outcome of a process of reasonable inquiry
  • solutions to ill-structured problems are constructed
  • conclusions are the most complete and plausible of an issue based on the available evidence
Posted on: Thursday, August 12th, 2010 at 9:40 pm
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